Is Russia ready for “parallel imports”?

Wholesale Price Discrimination and Parallel Imports

We develop a model of vertical pricing in which an original manufacturer sets wholesale prices in two markets integrated at the distributor level by parallel imports (PI). In this context we show that if competition policy requires uniform wholesale prices across locations it would push retail prices toward convergence as transportation costs fall. However, these retail prices could be higher t...

vertical gastric plication: is it ready for prime-time?

Is epidemiology ready for epigenetics?

The revellers depicted in the painting by the Dutch artist Judith Leyster (1609–60) (Figure 1) will not have given epigenetics a passing thought. Little were they to know that indulgences, such as drinking alcohol and smoking, would be contributing to their ‘exposome’ and marking their epigenome to potentially compromise their future health. The skeleton proffering an hourglass is perhaps a por...

Is chiropractic ready for research?

Intellectual Property Rights, Parallel Imports and Strategic Behavior

The existence of parallel imports (PI) raises a number of interesting policy and strategic questions, which are the subject of this survey article. For example, parallel trade is essentially arbitrage within policy-integrated markets of IPR-protected goods, which may have different prices across countries. Thus, we analyze fully two types of price differences that give rise to such arbitrage. F...